- Water & its Filtration
THE PROBLEM OF PURITY
In its pure state, water is one of the most aggressive solvents known as the “universal solvent”. Water, to a certain degree, will dissolve virtually everything to which it is exposed. It will dissolve the quantity of material available. Contaminants found in water include atmospheric gases, minerals, organic materials (some naturally occurring, others man-made) plus any materials used to transport or store water.
WATER TREATMENT
Water treatment is a process to prepare water suitable for its application or returning its natural state. Thus, water treatment required before and after its application. The required treatment depends on the application. Water treatment involves science, engineering, business, and art. The treatment may include mechanical, physical, biological, and chemical methods.
WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS
As water contains many soluble and insoluble impurities and micro biological organisms which makes it inappropriate for direct consumption in industrial, municipal as well as domestic purposes. Various treatments have been developed to ensure water quality to use it in different dimensions. Filtration for the removal of ingredient distillation, ion-exchange, reverse osmosis and other treatments are used to remove soluble salts and ultra violet treatment to remove infective micro biological contaminants.
ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERS
Treatment by activated carbon is mostly due to adsorption or absorption. To remove the odorous effects including obnoxious chlorine and other chemical in water activated Carbon adsorption is the most efficient because of ability to improve the taste it absorbs many substances, ranging from colored organic particulates to inorganic metal ions. Activated carbon is a micro porous carbon, which is obtained from various agents such as pear, moss, brown coal, wood, and coconut shells. Carbon is activated at 1200K using oxidizing agent. Activated carbon filters are very essential for pre treatment of water.
HIGH FLOW TURBIDITY REMOVAL SAND FILTER
Turbidity consists of suspended material in water, causing a cloudy appearance. This cloudy appearance is caused by scattering and absorption of light by these particles. The suspended matter may be inorganic or organic. Generally, the small size of the particles prevents rapid settling of the material and the water must be treated to reduce its turbidity. To remove turbidity deep filters which consist of five separate layers where large particles trapped at first layer and allow passing smaller particles on the next layer, this process is repeated five times and finest particles are trapped at the bottom. High flow rates can be achieved and time for backwashes is often three or four times larger than conventional sand filters.
DISINFECTION’S– CONTROL OF MICROBES
Control of microorganism populations is essential in maintaining the performance of any water system. Ultra violet lamps produce short wave radiation fatal to bacteria and other microorganisms present in water. Therefore, U.V sterilization is the most economical and safe way to overcome these microorganisms. We can also use suitable chemical treatment to snub these microbes.
WATER SOFTENING PLANT
Natural water contains lot of soluble salts. Calcium and Magnesium salts cause hardness in water that causes scale formation in boilers, chillers and cooling towers etc. To overcome this problem ion exchange technology is being used. The ion exchange water softener is one of the most common tools of water treatment. Its function is to remove scale forming calcium and magnesium ions from hard water. In many cases, soluble iron (ferrous) can also be removed with softeners. A standard water softener has four major components: a resin tank, resin, a brine tank to hold sodium chloride, and a valve or controller.
DE-IONIZER PLANT
This is one of the most effective methods to eliminate soluble salts from water. De-Ionizer plant consists of two columns. First column contains cat ion resin in which positive ion like calcium, magnesium sodium and potassium are removed, while second column contain an ionic resin by which negative ions like chlorides, Sulphates and Bicarbonates etc are removed with the help of ion exchange method. The exhausted resin beds are regenerated by using dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide about 99 % removal of ions are possible by this method.
REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS
Water molecules move from the dilute solution to concentrated solution. This phenomenon is called osmosis. In reverse osmosis the two solutions are separated by synthetic material called membrane. By applying pressure in the higher concentration solution, water molecules migrate from a high concentration solution to a low concentration solution. This method is called reverse osmosis water filter system in this technique; the membrane must be able to tolerate the high pressure. R/O systems are frequently used in the pharmaceuticals, hospitals, textiles, chemical process industries and mineral water plants. R.O systems are available with different range of capacities. About 95-99% of TDS, about 99% of bacteria and all organic contaminants are removed by using these systems.
DRINKING WATER FACILITIES
Water is a source of life but not any water, because water for drinking purposes should contain appropriate range of mineral salts, controlled pH (6.8—7.2), conductivity range, free of bacterial effect and odor. IBEX has capability to provide drinking water solutions according to ideal standards.
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Water is irreplaceable source of life, when use in different processes this make it useless. If water entered in atmosphere by various, physical or chemical processes which can create a serious shortage of water and waste water hazardous for soil. Any kind of sewage and industrial waste water treatment processes for low energy consumption and high BOD removal, furthermore with nitrification and de-nitrification. IBEX Chemical, with a team of professionals, technical engineers, foreign qualified ad-visors and many international organizations working to overcome water related problems. IBEX Chemical has the distribution rights in Pakistan of MITA Rotary Biological Contractor (RBC).
IBEX LABORATORY
Precise water analysis is essential for designing a water treatment
plant. IBEX CHEMICAL has facility of an inclusive laboratory in
which complete water analysis is practiced under the supervision of
qualified Chemists and Engineers.
